Naoualcohen_13/04/16_historyofinteriordesign

Hugo Alvar Henrik Aalto  ( 3 February 1898 – 11 May 1976) was a Finnish architect and designer, as well as a sculptor and painter. His work includes architecture, furniture,textiles and glassware. Aalto's early career runs in parallel with the rapid economic growth and industrialization of Finland during the first half of the twentieth century and many of his clients were industrialists; among these were the Ahlström-Gullichsen family. The span of his career, from the 1920s to the 1970s, is reflected in the styles of his work, ranging from Nordic Classicism of the early work, to a rational International Style Modernism during the 1930s to a more organic modernist style from the 1940s onwards. His furniture designs were considered Scandinavian Modern.What is typical for his entire career, however, is a concern for design as a Gesamtkunstwerk, a total work of art; whereby he – together with his first wife Aino Aalto – would design not just the building, but give special treatments to the interior surfaces and design furniture, lamps, and furnishings and glassware. The Alvar Aalto Museum, designed by Aalto himself, is located in what is regarded as his home city Jyväskylä.

Alto's international reputation was established by a large Hospital building the Paimio Sanatorium (1930-1933 )

He continued to be involved with furniture and other interior elements that became factory products, 
many of which are still in production

Furnitures by alvar aalto

The villa Mairea at noormarka (1938 - 41):

- blending of the order and logic of international Style thinking with a sensible, almost romantic use of natural materials and freer forms.

- connected wings placed at angles 

- the spaces are open, simple, and logical, but details are extraordinary sensitive.

- box-like interior space 

- introduction of flowing, fee-form walls.

- a wall of wood strips leaned out over.

- balcony restaurant 

- a small space whitin a larger building.

- whithin which products of finish industry could be seen in simulating setting.

PRINCIPLES THAT DEFINE ALVAR AALTO: 

- integrate harmoniously into the landscape

- wood and brick 

- functionalism and organic architecture 

- scandinavian modern 

Charles Ormond Eames Jr (1907-1978) and Bernice "Ray" Eames (1912-1988) 

Charles and Ray Eames are among the most influential designers of the 20th century. Together they moved fluidly between the fields of photography, film, architecture, exhibition-making, furniture, and product design.
The Eames Office in Los Angeles was a hub of activity where the husband-and-wife team produced pioneering designs with a boundless creativity that defined their careers.

The exhibition includes furniture, products, models, and multi-media installations, as well as personal letters, photographs, drawings, and artwork. It reveals the breadth of the Eameses’ innovative work, reminds us of their playful ideas, and provides an insight into their lives.

The exhibition was curated and produced by the Barbican Art Gallery, London, in collaboration with the Eames Office. It has been made possible through support from the Terra Foundation for American Art.

- The prince mover of such program was jonh Entenza, director of the magazine "Arts & Architecture" and some more architects like Richard Neutra, Raphael soriano, Craig Ellwood.

- It was developped between 1945 and 1966.

- The project is a two standarized volumes 

- double height spaces 

- living room / workshop

- pure basic colors 

- point out functions 

- in 1959, installed a media device in Moscow 

- hug e geodesic dome with seven screens attached to it 

- extremely fast series of slides or slideshows to present the latest US technological advances 

- the Eames slideshow focused on an image operation in which technology was shown at the service of the everyday

- space / hardware / software and images.

- DESIGN IS ALWAYS SOMEHOW RESTRICTED AND THOSE RESTRICTIONS USUALLY PRESUPPOSE AN ETHIC

Henry dreyfuss , presidential War situation Room: 

Henry Dreyfuss ( March 2, 1904 – October 5, 1972) was an Americanindustrial designer. Dreyfuss and his firm received world-wide recognition for numerous designs for a wide spectrum of consumer and commercial products, including their long-time association with the Western Electric company and the Bell System for designing telephones from the 1930s through the 1960s. His design philosophy was based on applied common sense and scientific principles and resulted in significant contributions to human factor analysis and consumer research.

- concept and development of the early situation rooms during World war II.

Philosophie and world envision:

- first environment activist.

- limited planet's earth ressources 

- ephemeralization

- wealth and richness

- technological ability 

- accomodate all growth needs of life